13.2. Kashmir State, Harsha Raja Deva

.

INDIA, KASHMIR, HARSHA DEVA, AD 1089-1101, AE PANCHI OR STATER.

Observer	Reverse
Goddess Ardoksho enthroned facing Nagari Harsha Raja	King standing facing. Nagari Deva.
Metrics	19x17mm, 6.12gm, 11h.
Metal Grade	Copper Very Fine, brown patina, irregular flan.
Denominaton	Panchi
Date	1089 - 1101 AD

Lohara dynasty

Those Lohara dynasty governed Kashmir between 1003 and 1171. She came to the fall that Utpala dynasty in several changes of government to power and by the Upyadeva dynasty one followed. To its time the power of the Königtums went into Kashmir at the basis and those Muslim got for the first time influence in the state.

Table of contents 1 Prehistory 2 Queen Didda of Lohara 3 Sangrama Raja 4 Civil war under king Harsha 5 Fall 6 The most important kings 7 Web page

Prehistory

After the suicide those Utpala replacing king Yassaskara (, incurable illness governed 939-948) became the intrigante writer Parvagupta for one year the king (949-950, before since 939 Ministers). Its son Kshemagupta (governed 950-958) followed it, a Lüstling, which married the princess Didda von Lohara.

Queen Didda of Lohara

After the death of its man Kshemagupta Didda took over the government for its son Abhimanyu (governed 958-972) and their grandchildren and made themselves finally 980 even the queen. It was not harmless straight (eliminated many people, and. A. its grandchild Bhimagupta 980), but in administrative regard it was capable of and is considered to that extent as the actual Begründerin of the Lohara dynasty in Kashmir. Didda with the realm that was with regard to foreign policy Hindu Sahis (in Afghanistan and in the Pandjab), there it allies mütterlichseits a granddaughter of the there king Bhima Deva (governed approx. 940-965) was. It supported the Hindu Sahis against those Muslim.

Sangrama Raja

After Diddas death 1003 governed their nephew Sangrama Raja (1003-1028) in Kashmir; the son of its brother Udaya Raja (governed approx. 980 in Lohara). Sangrama Raja had already led the government as well as the Minister Tunga in Diddas last Lebensjahren. Also it supported those Hindu Sahis against the Muslims of the conquerer Mahmud of Ghazna (governed 998-1030) with an army under the Minister Tunga. But the days of the Hindu Sahis were counted, so that some the there princes to Sangrama Raja had to flee. Kashmir had to be defended twice (1015 and 1021) against the Ghaznawiden, most likely successfully.
After king Sangrama Raja followed its son Ananta Deva (1028-1063 governed, struck aristocracy revolt down) and then its grandchild Kalasha (1063-1089 governed).

Civil war under king Harsha

The turn came under Kalashas sons Utkarsha (1089 governed) and Harsha (1089-1001 governed). Harsha was a man of full personal contrasts; talented and cultivates, friendly, cruelly and greedily. Its government began - after the blood acts of its brother Utkarsha - shining and ended finally in size illusion, distrust and tyranny. Here the luck of the dynasty turned: Land aristocracy and people rose, Harshas troops overflowed, the capital were betrayed and the queens burned in the palace. Harsha it was killed on the escape (1001).
Harshas time also for the first time became due to their military abilities Muslim taken up in larger number to the army, later also into the administration. It needed however still more than 200 years, until this faith in the country became prevailing.

Fall

With Harshas fall came that Usurper Uchchala (1101-1111 governed), a descendant of Diddas brother Udaya Raja to power. After Uchchala its brother Sushala (1112-20 and 1121-28 governed, before in Lohara) followed and then its son Vijaya Simha (1128-1155 governed), but their succession to the throne and rule from relatives were often contested. All these kings depended from the outset on the land aristocracy, which had supported them during the seizure of power and it - if they became too arbitrary - afterwards again by means of new throne candidates fought. Thus the power of the Königtums purged and to 1171 appreciably ended the dynasty.

The most important kings

• [Queen Didda (move 958/80 1003)]
• Sangrama Raja (move 1003-1028)
• Hari Raja (move 1028)
• Ananta Deva (move 1028-1063, abges.)
• Kalasha (move 1063-1089)
• Utkarsha (move 1089)
• Harsha (move 1089-1001)
• Uchchala (move 1101-1111)
• Sushala (move 1112-20 and 1121-28)
• Vijaya Simha (move 1128-1155)
• Paramanu Deva (move 1155-1164)

Web page

• Lohara dynasty (EN.)

Links:
http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/dewiki/en/Lohara-Dynastie#B.C3.BCrgerkrieg_unter_K.C3.B6nig_Harsha
http://www.kashmir-information.com/ConvertedKashmir/Chapter7.html